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Ancient Kourion in Cyprus

Ancient Kourion in Cyprus

Ancient Kourion sits on a limestone cliff nearly 100 meters high along the southwestern coast of Cyprus, overlooking Episkopi Bay. The site was first inhabited during Neolithic times, with the earliest evidence dating back to 4,500 to 3,900 BC, but the town itself was founded in the 13th century BC by the Argives. The city-kingdom was built on the hills of the area and overlooked and controlled the fertile valley of the river Kouris. Archaeological finds suggest that Kourion was associated with the Greek legend of Argos of Peloponnese, and its inhabitants believed they were descendants of Argean immigrants. The site stands as one of Cyprus's most impressive archaeological areas, preserving remains that span from the Bronze Age through the Byzantine period. The ruins tell stories of prosperity, political intrigue, natural disaster, and religious transformation. Historical Background According to Herodotus, Kourion was founded by Argives in the Late Bronze Age and was named for Koureus, the son of Cinyras, the first king of Cyprus. The Assyrian kings Sargon II and Esarhaddon mentioned Damasu, king of Kuri, in their records. During the Cypriot uprising against Persia in the 5th century BC, its king Stasanor betrayed his country, lending his support and troops to the Persians. However, Kourion later supported Alexander the Great's fight against the Persians in the 4th century BC.…

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Why Troodos Mountains Are a UNESCO Geopark

Why Troodos Mountains Are a UNESCO Geopark

The Troodos Mountains occupy the central part of Cyprus, covering approximately 1,147 square kilometers or about 15 percent of the island. UNESCO designated Troodos as a Global Geopark in 2015 due to its exceptional geological significance. The mountain range represents an ophiolite, which is an uplifted fragment of oceanic crust and upper mantle that formed 92 million years ago during the Upper Cretaceous period. The highest peak, Mount Olympus, reaches 1,952 meters above sea level. What makes Troodos extraordinary is that the deepest rocks now sit at the highest elevations due to a dome structure created by tectonic forces. Visitors walking through Troodos can literally travel from the Earth's upper mantle to the ancient seafloor within a single day. The area contains 38 geosites that display this geological marvel, making it one of the most complete and best preserved ophiolite sequences in the world. Scientists consider Troodos the gold standard for understanding how oceanic crust forms and evolves. How ocean crust ended up on land The Troodos ophiolite formed in the Neotethys Ocean by seafloor spreading above a subduction zone approximately 92 to 82 million years ago. At that time, the African and Arabian tectonic plates were converging with the Eurasian plate. New oceanic crust formed as magma rose from the mantle and solidified at the spreading center. The process…

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Cyprus Healthcare System Services

Cyprus Healthcare System Services

Cyprus introduced a comprehensive General Healthcare System known as GHS or GeSY in June 2019, providing universal healthcare coverage to all citizens and residents based on residency. The system represents a major transformation from the previous fragmented approach where public and private sectors operated separately with high out-of-pocket costs for patients. GESY provides all medical services for citizens and residents of Cyprus, from a standard medical check to complex surgeries. Every person registered in GESY has a personal doctor or general practitioner who serves as the first point of contact for healthcare needs. The implementation occurred in phases, with outpatient care beginning in June 2019 and inpatient hospital care starting in June 2020. By April 2023, approximately 933,000 beneficiaries were registered in the system, making up three quarters of the population. The health care system is a mixture of a National Health Service and a Social Health Insurance scheme, funded by beneficiaries' and employers' contributions and the state budget. An actuarial study by the International Labour Organization projects that the GHS will remain financially viable until 2031, with reserves totaling approximately 590 million euros as of 2023. Extension of coverage and increased availability of health providers under GeSY has seen household out-of-pocket spending decline substantially from 45 percent in 2018, among the highest in the EU, to 18 percent in…

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