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Cyprus Volcanic Rocks

Cyprus Volcanic Rocks

Cyprus holds a unique position in geological science. The island contains Earth's best preserved ophiolite complex, a rare slice of ancient oceanic crust and upper mantle thrust upward onto land. This exceptional geological heritage shaped both the island's dramatic landscapes and its human history, particularly through copper deposits that gave Cyprus its very name. sandatlas.org The Troodos Massif formed 90 million years ago during the Upper Cretaceous period at the bottom of the ancient Tethys Ocean. The rocks visible today once existed 8,000 meters below sea level at a mid-ocean ridge spreading center, where new oceanic crust continuously forms as tectonic plates pull apart. Geologists call this complete sequence an ophiolite complex. sandatlas.org Troodos was not metamorphosed during uplift, allowing scientists to study pristine oceanic rocks without submarines. This makes Cyprus an on-land analogue for modern mid-ocean ridges. The collision of African and Eurasian tectonic plates pushed the oceanic lithosphere upward rather than downward into a trench. Troodos first rose above sea level about 20 million years ago, with uplift centered around Mount Olympus at 1,952 meters. Erosion exposed deeper layers, allowing visitors to walk from rocks that once existed in Earth's mantle to rocks that formed at the ancient seafloor. Complete Rock Sequence from Mantle to Seafloor The ophiolite exposes a perfect vertical sequence. At the deepest level lie…

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Traditional Caique and Dghajsa Boats Cyprus

Traditional Caique and Dghajsa Boats Cyprus

Along the Cypriot coast, the sea was never a distant backdrop. It was a working space, a source of food, and a route that connected villages to the wider Mediterranean. For generations, this relationship depended on small wooden boats shaped by experience rather than theory. Among them, the caïque and the varka (or local skiff) represent traditions of craftsmanship and seamanship. This article explores how these boats were built, how they were used, and why they still matter, not as romantic symbols, but as practical responses to life by the sea. Boats Designed by Water, Not by Paper Traditional Mediterranean boats were not designed on drafting tables. They were shaped directly by water conditions, weather patterns, and daily use. Boatbuilders worked from memory, observation, and repetition, adjusting proportions until a vessel behaved correctly at sea. The caïque and the dghajsa belong to this tradition. Both are wooden craft, built by hand, and adapted to short journeys, frequent use, and close interaction with coastlines. Their forms reflect accumulated knowledge rather than innovation for its own sake. Understanding these boats means understanding the environments they served. The Caïque: A Working Boat for Cypriot Waters The caïque is the vessel most closely associated with Cyprus and nearby regions of the Eastern Mediterranean. It was primarily a working boat, built for fishing and small-scale…

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Bosea Cypria

Bosea Cypria

High on a sun-bleached limestone cliff in the Akamas or along a rocky gulley near Paphos, you might spot a graceful evergreen shrub with deep-green leaves cascading like a living curtain. In late summer its branches glow with clusters of bright red berries that shine like tiny rubies against the rock. This is Bosea cypria, a quiet but extraordinary survivor that has clung to the island’s rugged edges for millions of years. www.inaturalist.org An Ancient Shrub from the Amaranth Family Bosea cypria belongs to the Amaranthaceae family – the same group that gives us spinach, beetroot and colourful garden amaranths. Unlike most of its relatives, which are soft-stemmed herbs, this species is a woody evergreen shrub, one of only three living members of the genus Bosea worldwide. In Cyprus it grows 1–2 metres tall, highly branched, often pendulous, seeming to drape dramatically from cliffs, old stone walls or even tree trunks. A Living Fossil from the Ancient Tethys Sea This plant is a true botanical relic. Its ancestors once grew along the shores of the vast Tethys Sea during the Tertiary period, long before the Mediterranean took its present form. As continents drifted and the sea shrank, most Bosea species disappeared; today only three remain — one in Cyprus, one in the Canary Islands and one in the north-west Himalayas.…

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